Parfum de Narcis / Narcissus’ Perfume

English translation below


Cu toate că e dificil a descrie mirosul unui parfum, oricine își poate imagina cu destulă ușurință că o combinație de iasomie și paciuli îți induce o stare de bine și te îndeamnă la dragoste.

Deși nu studiase niciodată arta parfumurilor, Narcis intuia cât de puternic este amestecul de iasomie și paciuli, mai ales atunci cât pleca la vreo întâlnire amoroasă, prin vreun bar, vreo cafenea sau pur și simplu, noapte, prin oraș. Se străduia mereu să arate elegant, atrăgător și, cel mai important, să miroase cum nu se poate mai bine, pentru a cuceri inimile tinerelor din orășel. Narcis, deși student ambițios și talentat, la Arhitectură, și om sociabil prin natura sa, trăia pentru un singur lucru. Dragostea.

Pentru Narcis, dragostea era la fel de importantă ca aerul pe care îl respira și ca apa pe care o bea, atunci când îi era teribil de sete. Trăia fiecare clipă de parcă toate femeile îl iubeau, ceea ce nu era prea departe de adevăr, pentru că Narcis era frumos, inteligent, cuceritor și cu multe talente în domeniul artistic. Avea un mod deosebit de a vorbi cu oamenii de toate felurile, era îndrăzneț, câteodată chiar impertinent, și era capabil să abordeze orice subiect, cu îndrăzneala omului care știe exact despre ce vorbește.

Dar Narcis era nefericit. Și asta din cauza unui blestem ce plana asupra sa, de câțiva ani încoace. Avusese ghinionul să o cunoască pe Margareta, o fată de douăzeci și doi de ani, frumoasă, inteligentă și, aparent, bună la suflet, care la momentul acela nu avea casă proprie și locuia pe la prieteni. Îi oferise cazare, gândindu-se că, desigur, ea îi va plăti așa cum își dorea el de la toate femeile atrăgătoare, iar ea acceptase, bucuroasă.

Avuseseră o relație frumoasă, care durase câteva luni, dar care se sfârșise brusc și trist pentru Margareta. Ea căuta dragoste, însă el nu o iubea. Îl implorase să încerce să o iubească, măcar să mai aștepte câteva luni, poate, poate ea va reuși să deștepte în Narcis sentimente nemaiîntâlnite de el până atunci. Dar Narcis refuzase. În plus, se cam plictisise de ea și căuta acum să fie iarăși liber și era dornic de noi aventuri superficiale.

După despărțire, Margareta mai locuise la Narcis o perioadă scurtă, apoi, fără niciun cuvânt, dispăruse în ceață. Narcis nu o căutase și își urmase traseul boem de amorez. Continuase să poarte amestecul de iasomie și paciuli în fiecare seară și fusese fericit. Până când ceva neașteptat se întâmplă.

Într-o zi de duminică, însorită și liniștită, Narcis ședea undeva la umbra unui copac, pe marginea râului care traversa orășelul. La un moment dat, o pală de vânt îi suflă prin păr, iar el simți mirosul de iasomie și paciuli, puternic și învăluitor. Ca prin vrajă, Narcis se îndrăgosti de acel miros, de vânt și de cel al cărui miros îl simțea. Dar cum putea el avea vântul, cum putea atinge acel parfum deosebit și, mai cu seamă, cum putea Narcis fi cu el însuși?

Îi dispăru pofta de viață, nu mai căută relații trecătoare și se refugie în sine însuși. De disperare, încercă chiar de câteva ori să își curme viața, însă de fiecare dată fu opri de aceeași dragoste puternică pe care și-o purta sieși.

Astăzi, Narcis poate că cutreieră pământul în căutarea unei dragoste la fel de puternice, care să o înlocuiască pe cea cu care a fost blestemat să o aibă pentru el însuși sau poate că locuiește în continuare în acel orășel, unde cândva studiase Arhitectura. Dar cert este că acum din el nu a mai rămas decât umbra celui de altădată.

English translation

Narcissus‘ perfume

Although it is difficult to describe the smell of a perfume, anyone can quite easily imagine that a combination of jasmine and pachouli induces a good mood and urges you to love.

Although he had never studied the art of perfumery, Narcissus knew how powerful the mixture of jasmine and pachouli was, especially when he was out on a date, in a bar, in a café or simply in town at night. He always tried to look elegant, attractive and, most importantly, to smell as good as he could, to win the hearts of the young women of the small town. Narcissus, though an ambitious and talented architecture student and a sociable man by nature, lived for one thing. Love.

For Narcissus, love was as important as the air he breathed and the water he drank when he was terribly thirsty. He lived every moment as if all women loved him, which was not far from the truth, because Narcissus was beautiful, intelligent, charming, and artistically gifted. He had a way of talking to people of all kinds, he was bold, sometimes even impertinent, and he was able to tackle any subject with the boldness of a man who knew exactly what he was talking about.

But Narcissus was unhappy. And that was because of a curse that had been hanging over him for years. He had had the misfortune to meet Margaret, a girl of twenty-two, beautiful, intelligent, and apparently kind-hearted, who at the time had no home of her own and lived with friends. He had offered her accommodation, thinking that she would, of course, pay him as he wanted of all attractive women, and she had gladly accepted.

They had had a beautiful relationship, which had lasted a few months, but it had ended abruptly and sadly for Margaret. She was looking for love, but he did not love her. She begged him to try to love her, at least to wait a few more months, perhaps she would manage to awaken in Narcissus feelings he had never known before. But Narcissus refused. Besides, he had grown bored of her and was now looking for freedom again and was eager for new superficial adventures.

After the break-up, Margaret stayed with Narcissus for a short while, then, without a word, disappeared into nothingness. Narcissus did not look for her and pursued his bohemian lover’s way. He continued to wear the jasmine and patchouli mixture every evening and was happy. Until something unexpected happened.

On a sunny, quiet Sunday, Narcissus was sitting somewhere in the shade of a tree by the river that ran through the small town. At one point, a gust of wind blew through his hair, and he smelled the scent of jasmine and patchouli, strong and overpowering. As if by magic, Narcissus fell in love with that smell, with the wind, and with the man whose scent he could smell. But how could he have the wind, how could he touch that wonderful scent, and, above all, how could Narcissus be with himself?

His lust for life vanished, he stopped looking for fleeting relationships and took refuge in himself. In desperation, he even tried on several occasions to end his life, but each time he was stopped by the same strong love he had for himself.

Today, Narcissus may be wandering the earth in search of an equally strong love to replace the one he was cursed to have for himself, or perhaps he still lives in that small town where he once studied architecture. But what is certain is that now there is nothing left of him but a shadow of his former self.

Smells, learning and memory

After seeing this article’s title, you might have thought: “That sounds rather boring. I mean, what is so interesting about the nose?” Perhaps the “memory” part aroused your curiosity, though. If that’s so, you might find the following reading worth having a look at, as you could discover some surprising things about the “nose”.

I’d like to begin by emphasising something important: we don’t actually smell with our noses; it’s the brain that identifies different odours through the central olfactory pathways, but we’ll get to that soon. What does happen in our nasal cavity is the activation of the olfactory receptors (a type of neurone) of the primary olfactory system, by chemical stimuli called odourants. The binding of odourants to the olfactory receptors’ cilia triggers the transduction process, which involves G-protein stimulation, formation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) and membrane depolarisation, by the opening of ion channels (calcium, sodium and chloride). This complex signalling cascade results in a receptor potential which is then coded as an action potential (provided the receptor potential reaches a certain threshold) and then transmitted further along the receptor’s axons (remember, they are actually neurones!) The axons form the olfactory nerve, but they also group in small clusters and converge onto the two olfactory bulbs, in spherical structures known as glomeruli. Here, the axons synapse upon second-order neurones which form the olfactory tracts and finally project to the olfactory cortex (involved in the perception of smell) and to some structures in the temporal lobes, the medial dorsal nucleus (in the thalamus) and the orbitofrontal cortex. The last two are thought to play an important role in the conscious perception of smells. A pretty intricate process, isn’t it? But it is a lot more to olfaction than this!

Running parallel to the primary olfactory system is the accessory olfactory system. This has been shown to detect our favourite smelling chemicals, the pheromones. As I am sure most of you are aware of, pheromones are involved in reproductive behaviours, identifying individuals, aggression and submission recognition. Not only the type of chemical stimuli, but also the structures in the accessory olfactory system are different: the vomeronasal organ in the nasal cavity, the accessory olfactory bulb and last but not least the hypothalamus and amygdala (and hippocampus) as the final axonal targets. The amygdala and hippocampus are known for their implications in emotions and long-term memories (check out article about memory). Thus, olfaction also plays an important role in the integration of different odours in emotion processes, as well as explicit memory and associative meanings to odours.

Interestingly, each receptor cell is defined by only one receptor protein, which is encoded by a single receptor gene. These genes form the largest family of mammalian genes: 1000 in rodents, 350 in humans. The receptor cells have unique structures and are divided into different types according to their sensitivity to odours: each receptor type is activated by a single odour; nevertheless, one odour can activate many receptor types and the combination as well as the frequency, rhythmicity and temporal pattern of receptor stimulations encode for odour information.

Studies in Drosophila have shown another very important function of the olfactory processes: the associative learning. Gustatory unconditional and odour conditional signals both converge on the antennal lobe and mushroom body of the Drosophila, establishing learning efficacy of appetitive and aversive memories in classical conditioning. The release of certain catecholaminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine and octopamine (the insect analogue of noradrenaline) are involved in the aversive and appetitive behaviours, respectively. In an incredibly revealing study, Lee Chi-Yu and his colleagues developed this topic in much more detail. I strongly recommend you have a look at it here.

As you might have guessed, given the fact that olfaction has a wide range of implications, its impairments are present in different mental diseases. Olfaction deficits or absence (anosmia) have been identified in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, whereas olfactory hallucinations and weird smells are one of the main symptoms of schizophrenia.

Hopefully, you didn’t find this article too long or confusing. Did you find out new information about olfaction? If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to upload your posts. I’m looking forward to them as always.

For further information:

Bear et al., “Neuroscience”, third edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

My friend’s article

Another very relevant article

Photo by Isuru Priyaranga